Monday, August 24, 2020

Johnson Johnson Global Business Environment Free Essays

string(31) medications to support and provide. Johnson: Successfully Strategizing for the Changing Global Business Environment I. Presentation Johnson is the world’s biggest human services organization. Established in the United States in 1886, the organization has been beneficial for 75 straight years and at present works 250 auxiliary organizations in 57 nations. We will compose a custom paper test on Johnson Global Business Environment or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Its items fall into three sections: pharmaceuticals, with 39% of absolute deals; clinical gadgets and diagnostics, with 36%; and buyer items, with 25%. Moreover, the organization utilizes 119,200 individuals worldwide and sells its items in 175 nations. A genuinely worldwide partnership, Johnson has safely situated itself to conquer the difficulties its ever-changing business condition presents, just as make the most of the open doors introduced. With an emphasis fundamentally on Johnson Johnson’s pharmaceutical portion, this paper tries to investigate the complex worldwide condition inside which the organization works just as the chances and dangers that nature presents. Next, the paper will investigate Johnson Johnson’s current situating, depicting its worth chain and serious situating. The paper will close by assessing how Johnson both can take advantage of these lucky breaks to understand the objectives of the organization. II. Breaking down the Environment In ventures as serious as pharmaceutical, clinical gadgets and customer merchandise, dissecting the earth is crucial for having the option to settle on sound key choices. Since Johnson endeavors to foresee the outside components that influence its global business condition, just as adjust to those changes, it is significant that it comprehends the earth where it is working. The two arrangements of outside powers that face the organization are serious and logical. A. Serious Environments †Five Forces Model Michael Porter’s five powers model gives a method of investigating Johnson Johnson’s serious condition. Because of an absence of accessible data about the bartering intensity of providers as it applies to Johnson, this paper will address the four different powers: the danger of new participants, the danger of substitutes, the dealing intensity of clients, and the contention among industry contenders. 1. The Threat of New Entrants †High Barriers to Entry The danger of new contestants isn't of specific worry to Johnson. Hindrances to passage, particularly in the ventures of pharmaceuticals and clinical gadgets, are very high if not top notch. The world’s top pharmaceutical organizations have broad assembling abilities, conveyance frameworks, and economies of scale that have been developed over decades and would be for all intents and purposes outlandish for another contestant to duplicate. These top firms likewise have licenses that secure their ebb and flow items, just as set up look into pipelines that guarantee the nonstop advancement of new items. Additionally, they have solid brand names and enormous promoting financial plans with which to safeguard them. At long last, the outstandingly high capital necessities for establishing a pharmaceutical organization and the sharp counter that new participants could anticipate from the set up contenders render the danger of new contestants extremely low. The clinical gadget industry has likewise high boundaries to passage. While entering the customer merchandise advertise is simpler, moderately, the tremendous number of contenders makes this industry exceptionally serious, therefore a solid brand name is crucial for sticking out. As the world’s most regarded organization as indicated by Barron Magazine, new contestants to the buyer products advertise don't represent a danger to Johnson. 2. The Threat of Substitutes †The Rise of Generics The danger of substitutes is considerably more risky than that of new contestants, particularly in the pharmaceutical portion. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) necessitates that nonexclusive medications be bioequivalent to their image name partners, making them genuine substitutes. When a patent terminates, conventional makers rush to figure out the in the past restrictive medications and sell nonexclusive variants at a small amount of the expense. Practically all the top pharmaceutical organizations, Johnson notwithstanding, face an inundation of up and coming patent terminations. The approaching loss of deals when conventional forms of the medications unavoidably become accessible is a genuine danger to the productivity of numerous players in the business. For instance, Risperdal, a medication for schizophrenia made by an auxiliary of Johnson Johnson’s called Janssen-Cilag, was a critical wellspring of benefits, with deals that totaled $3. 5 billion of every 2005 and flooded 21% percent in the main quarter of 2006, to $1. 2 billion. Be that as it may, when the patent for Risperdal lapsed in December of 2007 and opened up in nonexclusive structure in October of 2008, the company’s income from pharmaceutical deals deteriorated. Actually, in July of 2007, Johnson declared designs to dispose of up to 4,800 occupations, refering to patent lapses as the primary inspiration to trim the workforce and in this manner set aside cash. On the off chance that the organization doesn't plan for the troublesome change between getting a charge out of market eliteness and losing that security as those licenses lapse, it will confront increasingly negative outcomes. 3. The Bargaining Power of Buyers †Influence of Generics In the pharmaceutical business, purchasers incorporate patients, clinical specialists who recommend drugs, drug specialists, emergency clinic sheets, insurance agencies, and other wellbeing specialists. The dealing intensity of patients goes connected at the hip with the danger of substitutes. At the point when medications are patent-ensured, pharmaceutical organizations appreciate a restraining infrastructure where they can set costs to incorporate high net revenues. Since there are not many to no substitutes for their items during this time, clients have minimal decision yet to follow through on these costs, particularly if their lives rely upon the medications. Be that as it may, when less expensive, nonexclusive adaptations of the medications become accessible, purchasers acquire power. Patients’ exchanging costs, a significant component in deciding the haggling intensity of purchasers, are genuinely low, and value delicate purchasers will probably change to nonexclusive forms once accessible. Johnson Johnson’s fundamental device in fighting this issue is its solid image name. Numerous clients have more trust in brand name items and are eager to pay extra for this apparent security. Different gatherings inside purchasers of pharmaceutical items, while divided, have more force than patients. Inside the American human services framework, insurance agencies and wellbeing support organizations (HMOs) have impressive haggling power, as they choose which medications to underwrite and give. You read Johnson Global Business Environment in classification Paper models Since they have an enthusiasm for bringing down costs, they apply a solid descending weight on sedate costs, mostly because of the danger of the accessibility of generics. European governments’ national social insurance frameworks have a correspondingly significant level of intensity, if not higher because of exacting value controls. In this way, pharmaceutical organizations have a need to build up fruitful associations with these gatherings and market towards them vigorously. 4. The Degree of Rivalry †Fierce and Changing Competition in the pharmaceutical business is serious and developing in power. While the various contenders remain genuinely divided, mergers and acquisitions have expanded contention, as the top firms’ specialized topics started to cover. Competition is particularly serious in immersed markets, for example, the torment reliever portion, in which Johnson contends with its items Tylenol and Motrin. In developing markets, advancement is a key driver of rivalry since pharmaceutical organizations rely upon â€Å"blockbuster† drugs for an enormous extent of their income. With just one out of each 10,000 found medications affirmed to be sold, a lot is on the line to discover the money dairy animals sedates that recover the inexorably significant expenses of advancement. Since â€Å"me too† drugs are not as beneficial, development drives the race to be first-to-advertise. While the fundamental rivals in the pharmaceutical business are packed in the United States, Europe, and Japan, an expanding number of players †particularly conventional medication producers †are showing up in creating nations, for example, China and India. These organizations are driving the move in the business toward turning out to be more commoditized. Likewise, various biotech upstarts, which are littler, increasingly coordinated, and have lower overhead expenses than their aggregate rivals, are developing in force and taking piece of the pie. As the elements of the business change, the set up organizations will wind up confronting firm rivalry from all sides. B. Logical Environment †PEST Analysis A PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological) investigation is a valuable device for understanding the bigger condition inside which the organization works. Organizations can utilize this instrument to recognize a large number of significant parts of their surroundings that may affect their organizations. . World of politics †Changing Politics and Policies First, the legislative issues on nearby, territorial, national, or universal scales can apply solid powers on organizations. Since Johnson works around the world, it must monitor the political advancements that may influence its business. For instance, in the Czech Republic, social insurance is the subject of a significant political discussion. Changes in the medicinal services framework may influence to whom Johnson needs to advertise, and with whom it needs to arrange if the organization needs its items secured by the Czech social insurance framework. Likewise, Johnson ought to know that the C

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Prepare an income statement for a small business Essay - 1

Set up a salary proclamation for an independent venture - Essay Example In many occasions, showcasing is additionally utilized by advertisers as a way to deal with hold more clients. Along these lines, the achievement of a private company essentially depends on the advertising strategy. Promoting additionally supports the deals of a business since, more individuals will know about the item being sold. This likewise manufactures a solid notoriety of the organization. Private companies additionally depend on showcasing research on the grounds that; by and large, the independent companies are found in testing circumstances. Organizations should lead satisfactory research to guarantee a vital promoting method. In showcasing, client portions ought to be quantifiable. This implies they ought to be sufficiently huge to comprise a market. The advertiser for the most part faces a test while deciding how to fragment a market. This is on the grounds that advertising division empowers a business to grow successfully. Then again, on the off chance that the advertiser is fruitless in the showcasing division, at that point, the business can bring about collosal misfortunes (Longenecker, Moore, and Petty, 2002). Market division is a method of calibrating the objective market. An unsegmented procedure is a methodology which distinguishes the all out market as the objective market. This system is otherwise called mass advertising. Now and again, this technique can be gainful to an organization. Nonetheless, it accept that all customers share comparative profit by the items and administrations of the organization. A multisegment procedure is characterized as a technique which perceives various inclinations of individual market fragments and builds up an extraordinary advertising blend for each. Ultimately, there is the single-fragment procedure which ordinarily includes the utilization of a solitary promoting blend for one market section (Longenecker, Petty, Palich, and Hoy, 2012). For instance, a pen store in the neighborhood the unsegmented technique since; the pen is advanced by means of a solitary medium and a wide appropriation plan. This shows just the individuals who

Sunday, July 19, 2020

Why the First Year of Smoking Cessation Is So Important

Why the First Year of Smoking Cessation Is So Important Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print Why the First Year of Smoking Cessation Is So Important By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Updated on April 09, 2019 wpohldesign/digital vision vectors/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As much as wed all like to quit smoking and be free of nicotine addiction within a few weeks, it just doesnt work that way. It is possible to change the relationship we had with cigarettes and know that well never smoke again soon after quitting, but we still have to do the work of breaking down the years of habit weve built up around nicotine addiction. The only way out is through. Most of us spent decades smoking and have developed hundreds (if not thousands) of links between tobacco and everything in our lives, from the smallest to the biggest. We sure feel it early on in cessation too, when every thought and action reminds us of smoking. We wonder if well ever truly be free of tobacco because it feels like that pull to feed the addiction will never go away. Take heart. The ties that bind us can absolutely be broken...permanently. It takes some time, but not all that much when you think about how many years most of us spent smoking. A Year of Firsts I always tell folks to devote the entire first year to healing from nicotine addiction. All of it. Does that mean youll be miserable for a whole year? No, but it does mean that it takes that long to move through the majority of activities and events in our daily lives that trigger thoughts of smoking. Some smoking triggers will let go easily and some will be tenacious, but can  all  be reprogrammed with time and practice.   So, what are we talking about when we refer to firsts? Just about everything. There is the first long drive or plane ride without smoking. The first smoke-free vacation. The first presentation, meeting or performance without smoking. The first argument managed without a cigarette, and the first smoke-free day of yard work without smoke breaks. From daily living to seasonal events, we have to go through those firsts to get through them. The Seasons of the First Smoke-Free Year Maneuvering through year one also involves dealing with triggers that are related to specific seasons and the events (and emotions) that are tied to them. Think Thanksgiving or the annual office holiday party. Triggers can surprise us when we participate in hobbies or activities that are seasonal too, like gardening or skiing. Even doing the annual taxes can be thought of as seasonal and produce triggers to smoke. I was 8 months into cessation when I experienced a seasonal craving. It was my first smoke-free summer and while painting a room for the first time since quitting, I was surprised to find that all I could think about was lighting up every time I took a break. It was uncomfortable, in part because it had been months since Id had a craving to smoke, but also because the urge to smoke was strong. It scared me a little - I felt blindsided. Once I got through that first day of painting smoke-free though, that particular trigger was cleared and never returned. And that is how it works: we have to practice smoke-free life in order to change those ingrained associations. We cant rewire the circuitry until the trigger presents itself. Once it does and we deal with it, the trigger either melts away or weakens, depending on the strength of the particular emotion/association. Going Through it to Get Through it Once we make our way through the first calendar year of smoking cessation, 99 percent of the associations weve built up over the years will have been faced down and restructured into healthier coping mechanisms. There may be a trigger or two that still rears its head every once in a while or the very occasional trigger that comes at some point for all of us when we suffer a loss or other life-changing event. For the most part, though, a year is enough to retrain the links to tobacco we spent so much time setting in place. Well have developed the mental muscle to cope with the rare ones we havent yet experienced as well.? Not a bad deal, when you think about it. With a healthy mindset and the willingness to heal the habits that are associated with smoking, a year is about all thats needed to set a foundation that will comfortably support you for the rest of your smoke-free life. Spend some time reading the one-year smoke-free milestone accounts here. Youll quickly see that the majority of them have a common theme of gratitude for the freedom from addiction they now enjoy.  While many will tell you its hard work, none of them ever say its not worth it.   Keep in mind that we reach that one year mark by living our smoke-free lives just one day at a time. If you are early in your quit program and looking that far ahead is too intimidating, dont do it. Just know that healing from nicotine addiction takes time. Relax into your quit and vow to take each smoke-free day as it comes. It will serve you well.

Thursday, May 21, 2020

The Manipulation of the Roman Masses by the Roman...

â€Å"†¦Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; and sure he is an honorable man. But were I Brutus, and Brutus Antony, there were an Antony would ruffle up your spirits, and put a tongue in every wound of Caesar that should move the stones of Rome to rise and mutiny†¦ †¦ Here was a Caesar! When comes such another,† addressed wise Marc Antony to the manipulated Roman citizens. (Foote and Perkins, 678 –683). During 509 BC to AD 27, Rome was a republic where its citizens elected leaders by voting for senators (people from upper class or patricians). On the other hand an emperor had total power or dictatorship since he controlled the Roman society (different groups of people from the wealthiest to the most poor). As the Roman society was†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦If we have done you wrong, as you say our husbands have, proscribe us as you do them. But if we women have not voted any of you public enemies, have not torn down your houses, destroyed your army, or led another one against you; if we have not hindered you in obtaining offices and honours, why do we share the penalty when we did not share the guilt? †¦Why should we pay taxes when we have no part in the honours, the commands, the statecraft, for which you contend against each other with such harmful results? †¦But for civil wars may we never contribute, nor ever assist you against each other! We did not contribute to Caesar or to Pompey. Neither Marius nor Cinna imposed taxes on us. Nor did Sulla, whereas you say that you are re-establishing the commonwealth,† protested Hortensia. (Frazee, 117). This uprising indicates how upper-class women revolted against some decisions made by the politicians, which they disagreed with. The women had penalties imposed on them and they also had to pay higher taxes when there was a struggle to seize power between the triumvirs. During this time, the generals of Rome could not be controlled by the Republic’s government, which ran by the Senate and the consuls. The women did not gain their rights and the triumvirs did not acknowledge the voices of these women. The triumvirs were outraged by the fact that women should dare to hold a public meeting when other menShow MoreRelatedThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 Pagesshareholders, creditors and other financial lenders) are the providers of these finances. Their inte rests and beliefs in the activities of the companies are required to make them invest. A recent share investments survey in Lagos and Abuja, involving 100 respondents covering investors and prospective investors (60 and 40 respondents respectively), revealed that 70 percent of the investors place heavy reliance on the integrity of a company s auditor before investing in that company. 80 percent of theRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesfor the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Lib rary Cataloguing in PublicationRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganization theory: symbols, meanings and interpretations Reflexive organization theory: critical theory and psychoanalysis The evolution of management as reflected through the lens of modernist organization theory Perspectives and challenges 2 54 100 148 198 242 282 330 382 432 . . Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx Chapter 1 Introducing organization theory: what is it, and why does it matter? Introduction What is organization

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Theories Of Female Offenders - 965 Words

Theories of female offenders Most of the theories of crime was developed to explain male crimes by male criminologists. For decades, women offending challenges traditional theoretical explanations of crime, which were developed to explain male offenders. There were a few debates that indicate the concern of whether the theories were being used equally to explain both female and male crime. Criminologists came to a conclusion that the traditional theories are male-specific theories. For that particular reason, they argue that those theories are not suitable to explain female crimes. However, both the social process and traditional structure theories explain a gender neutrality in crime. They also give a better understanding for both male and female crime. The social process and traditional structure theory explained why female crime rates are rather lower than males. The social process theory tend to explain the traditional crime with regards to differential opportunity to lean criminal techniques and values. The use of the traditional theory shows evidence in which considered the overlap on the causes of crimes committed by both genders. Studies shows that both male and female offenders that came in contact with the criminal justice system often came from a social background that are typically of low socioeconomic status, poorly educated, under or unemployed, and minority groups (Steffensmeir and Allan, 1995). The only difference between male and female offenders is, femaleShow MoreRelatedThe Theories Of Crime Causation Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pages Theories of Crime Causation Dolores Jackson Williams Colorado Technical University Juvenile offender 1. Biological theory states that the individual will have certain traits will be transmitted from parent to children through genetics and not from social learning. Along with the juvenile having similar facial characteristics, which some believe also predisposes them to criminal behavior (Palmerin, 2012). 2. Rational choice theory states that the person will make sensible and reasonableRead MoreSocial Reaction Theory And Feminist Theory Of Crimes1476 Words   |  6 PagesReaction Theory and Feminist Theory of Crimes are the subject theories I am going to review, examine, and explain. I will be discussing the evolution of social reaction and labeling theory, which is mainly concerned with how individuals’ personal identities are highly influenced by the way that society has a tendency to classify them as offenders. I will also be reviewing the various forms of feminist theories, which began as reactions to the lack of reasonable theorizing about why females commit crimeRead MoreGender Differences Within Juvenile Status Offenses1650 Words   |  7 Pages18 such as skipping school or running away from home. Other examples include curfew violations, possession and consumption of alcohol, and possession and use of tobacco. Theories such as the labeling theory and Robert Agnewâ₠¬â„¢s General Strain Theory attempt to explain why females commit juvenile status offenses. Additional theories attempt to explain their treatment in the juvenile justice system such as the Chivalry Hypothesis. Based on the rising rates of status offenses for girls and the unique factorsRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 Pagesnow more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle. As opposed to their male counterpart, female offenders have dissimilar needs, mainly due to unequal victimization that includes physical and or sexual abuse as well as mental health complications (U.S. Department of Justice, 1998). Criminal behavior by females has been commonly seenRead MoreDescribe and critique Moffitt1801 Words   |  6 Pagestaxonomy theory of offending behaviour as an attempt to expl ain the developmental processes that lead to the shape of the age crime curve. Moffitt proposed that there are two primary types of antisocial offenders in society. First the Adolescent Limited Offender who exhibits antisocial behaviour only during adolescence, and secondly, the Life-Course-Persistent offender, who behave in an antisocial manner from early childhood into adulthood. Moffitt s theory can be applied to both females and malesRead MoreA Historical Context That Changed Perspectives985 Words   |  4 Pagescriminological theories focused on the offender and motivations that leads to criminal acts. Cohen and Felson (1979) proposed a different aspect where they shifted the focus from offender and motivations to the criminal act itself and opportunities behind it (Andrews, 2004). One important aspect is that lifestyle theory by Hindelang back in 1978 and the routine activities theory by Cohen and Felson (1979) are merely the same. Routine activities could be seen as an expansion of lifestyle theory or as manyRead MoreA Critical Evaluation of two Research Methods, Qualitative and Quantitative1585 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Home: Females and Residential BurglaryThis article uses a qualitative research method. Qualitative research involves analyzing and interpreting texts and interviews in order to discover meaningful patterns descriptive of a particular phenomenon (Adler Clarke, 2008, p.13.). The method has been adopted to investigate the research question. The research question is; what involvement do women have in residential burglaries. This research question is analysed by comparing female characteristicsRead MoreEssay female juvenile crime736 Words   |  3 Pages Traditionally, there has been little research on or interest in the impact of female cri me in modern society. In addition, juvenile crime rates are on the rise, which combine for a void of research or information on female juvenile offenders. In general, crime rates for women offenders have risen since the 1990s. Increasing numbers of young women are also offending at higher rates. In a 1996 U.S. Department of Justice Report, the number of arrests of young women had doubled between 1989 and 1993Read MoreQualitative Research : Quantitative Research Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages(University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research is biased and uses preliminary reasoning to combine data (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Services Ebling Library, 2016). Qualitative research establishes theories to help explain the phenomena while focusing on the experiences and opinions of all study subjects (Verhoef Casebeer, 1997). Qualitative research has a broad and more in-depth discussion (University of Wisconsin-Madison-Health Service s Ebling LibraryRead MoreCriminal Law And Its Effect On Society951 Words   |  4 Pagessocial behavior. The law breaking has potential punishment which its purpose is to keep orderly functioning society. Criminal laws only works if it is enforced some areas are stricter than others. The guarantee of punishment will stop offenders or first time offender from ever committing a crime again. I don’t believe the law is too restrictive; the law is design to work with society social norm. The law could be harsher in the area where is more heavily enforcing like the difference in Texas and

Diversity of the Family Free Essays

?Family Diversity Term Papers If there is any one constant concerning the diversity of family and family structure in the United States over the past one hundred years or so, it is change. Almost every familial characteristic one would choose to study – from the median age at the time of first marriage, to the number of children per household, to the rate of divorce – has either risen significantly, declined dramatically, or both. What is certain is that the study of family diversity, and the evolution of such diversity in the United States is intriguing. We will write a custom essay sample on Diversity of the Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now The very structure and character of the American family has evolved significantly from 1900 to 2000. From a strong patriarchical start at the turn of the century, the American family evolved into what is now referred to as a companionate marriage up until the 1960s, when individualism began winning out over traditional family values. The divorce rate first rose and later fell, but left in its wake a number of unmistakable trends. From 1970 to 1992 the number of single-family households in the United States increased from 13% to 32% . Cohabitation evolved from a fringe phenomenon reserved mostly for hippies to a mainstream trend, with the number of heterosexual couples cohabitating outside of marriage up ten-fold since 1960. The number of households with children, in the mean time, has declined to just over a quarter of all households, falling from a high of 45% in 1972 to 26% in 1999. The most common household composition in the United States today is an unmarried couple without children. More than anything else, the very diversity in the types of families and households has increased by what seems like an order of magnitude. In what follows, I examine and discuss the changes that have occurred in the diversity of family and familial structure in the United States over the past century. I begin with an examination of the evolution of family form. Next, I examine the diversity in family typology. I conclude with an examination of a variety of trends in family diversity. How to cite Diversity of the Family, Essays

Sunday, April 26, 2020

Us Immigration 1880-1925 Essay Example

Us Immigration 1880-1925 Paper From the years 1880 to 1925, there was a rapid growth of immigrants coming into the United States. Many foreigners came to the United States in hope of striking it rich. The Immigrants saw the United States as a way to make a better life for themselves, and this started to cause problems. This is when the United States government took actions to control immigration. In the early 1880’s, immigration was gladly welcomed, but as time progressed, government saw it as a growing problem. After America’s Reconstruction era, immigrants from southern and eastern Europe began pouring into the United States in order to start a new life for themselves. The United States government welcomed these immigrants with open arms. Compared to their home country, the United States offered more freedoms to the immigrants. (Doc. A) When the immigrants would make a good sum of money, they would move back to their native country and take some American values with them. (Doc. B) These immigrants were known as â€Å"birds of passage†. Many American didn’t like this going on. Nativism grew throughout the 1890’s. American workers jobs were in jeopardy due to the amount of cheaper labor that businesses could get by hiring immigrants. (Doc A) These people were known to have xenophobia; a fright of people from other countries. In 1892, the National People’s Party claims that current immigration laws failed to protect American workers. (Doc. C) This was the beginning of attempts to get immigration limited. We will write a custom essay sample on Us Immigration 1880-1925 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Us Immigration 1880-1925 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Us Immigration 1880-1925 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over time, the federal American government began taking more action in immigration policies. In 1882, the federal government established the Chinese Exclusion Act. The American and Japanese governments worked together to discourage the emigration of the Japanese laboring class. (Doc. D) The federal government also closed off the flow of immigrants from Europe with the Emergency Quota Act of 1921. (Doc. H) What this did was limit the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 3%. This was later limited by the Immigration Act of 1924 which limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890. Throughout the 1880 to 1925 period, immigration was seen as a great thing for America that eventually turned into a problem. The federal government gained more control over immigration policies as time passes by. At first, immigrants were welcomed to America with open arms. As problems with emigration began showing up, action had to take place. The federal government stood up to help protect the American people.

Wednesday, March 18, 2020

Freedoms and allowances here on earth essays

Freedoms and allowances here on earth essays As human beings we were made by our creator and given many freedoms and allowances here on earth. In chapter one of Kammers book he calls this an original blessing traceable to the creation stories which he calls our giftedness. This giftedness is not a privilege but a commission to stewardship. Stewardship in turn is our relationship with our fellow man or community. This is the beginning of a time honored and quintessential theme of the Bibles Old Testament. This is the Cycle of Baal. The cycle, in short, is the story of the reoccurring human drama of finding God and losing him, only to return at the lowest point and be redeemed by our ever faithful Creator in fulfillment of His covenant. So, in the beginning when God promised the people of Israel land and prosperity for the generations to come, there was a cohesive sense of duty to ones community. Even when people prospered, scripture and law commanded them that they must not keep to themselves, but reach out to the anawim or the poor. Through this divine request the people could be given knowledge of Gods purpose for his creation. Creation itself, the animals, plants, etc, is not ours to own, but ours to keep. Keep in every sense of the word meaning to honor and protect. With this comes great responsibility and duty. If part of His creation or His gift to us starts to suffer, then the whole shall be held responsible until it is made right again. We are all in it together, which if this was taken more seriously, more people today would be well and prospering. Unfortunately, there are many who do not carry this sentiment because their own needs and wants have overwhelmed their lives and feed their self-drive n actions. This is pivotal, because when we shed ourselves from our stewardship, we claim to be owners of our made-up purposes and slowly begin to forget the poor or suffering parts of a shar...

Monday, March 2, 2020

Dendrochronology - Tree Ring Records of Climate Change

Dendrochronology - Tree Ring Records of Climate Change Dendrochronology is the formal term for tree-ring dating, the science that uses the growth rings of trees as a detailed record of climatic change in a region, as well as a way to approximate the date of construction for wooden objects of many types. Key Takeaways: Dendrochronology Dendrochronology, or tree-ring dating, is the study of growth rings in deciduous trees to identify absolute dates of wooden objects.  Tree rings are created by the tree as it grows in girth, and the width of a given tree ring is dependent on climate, so a stand of trees will all have a near-identical pattern of tree rings.The method was invented in the 1920s by astronomer Andrew Ellicott Douglass and archaeologist Clark Wissler.  Recent applications include tracking climate change, identifying pending slope collapses, finding American trees in World War I trench construction, and using chemical signatures in tropical trees to identify past temperature and precipitation.  Tree ring dating is also used to calibrate radiocarbon dates. As archaeological dating techniques go, dendrochronology is extremely precise: if the growth rings in a wooden object are preserved and can be tied into an existing chronology, researchers can determine the precise calendar year- and often season- the tree was cut down to make it. Because of that precision, dendrochronology is used to calibrate ​radiocarbon dating, by giving science a measure of the atmospheric conditions which are known to cause radiocarbon dates to vary. Radiocarbon dates which have been calibrated by comparison to dendrochronological records are designated by abbreviations such as cal BP, or calibrated years before the present. What are Tree Rings? Cross section of a tree illustrating the cambium layer. Lukaves / iStock / Getty Images Tree-ring dating works because a tree grows larger- not just height but gains girth- in measurable rings each year in its lifetime. The rings are the cambium layer, a ring of cells that lies between the wood and bark and from which new bark and wood cells originate; each year a new cambium is created leaving the previous one in place. How large the cambiums cells grow in each year, measured as the width of each ring, depends on temperature and moisture- how warm or cool, dry or wet each years seasons were. Environmental inputs into the cambium are primarily regional climatic variations, changes in temperature, aridity, and soil chemistry, which together are encoded as variations in the width of a particular ring, in the wood density or structure, and/or in the chemical composition of the cell walls. At its most basic, during dry years the cambiums cells are smaller and thus the layer is thinner than during wet years. Tree Species Matters Not all trees can be measured or used without additional analytical techniques: not all trees have cambiums that are created annually. In tropical regions, for example, annual growth rings are not systematically formed, or growth rings are not tied to years, or there are no rings at all. Evergreen cambiums are commonly irregular and not formed annually. Trees in arctic, sub-arctic and alpine regions respond differently depending on how old the tree is- older trees have reduced water efficiency which results in a reduced response to temperature changes. Invention of Dendrochronology Tree-ring dating was one of the first absolute dating methods developed for archaeology, and it was invented by astronomer Andrew Ellicott Douglass and archaeologist Clark Wissler in the first decades of the 20th century. Douglass was mostly interested in the history of climatic variations exhibited in tree rings; it was Wissler who suggested using the technique to identify when adobe pueblos of the American southwest were built, and their joint work culminated in research at the Ancestral Pueblo town of Showlow, near the modern town of Showlow, Arizona, in 1929. The Beam Expeditions Archaeologist Neil M. Judd is credited with convincing the National Geographic Society to establish the First Beam Expedition, in which log sections from occupied pueblos, mission churches and prehistoric ruins from the American southwest were collected and recorded alongside those from living ponderosa pine trees. The ring widths were matched and cross-dated, and by the 1920s, chronologies were built back nearly 600 years. The first ruin tied to a specific calendar date was Kawaikuh in the Jeddito area, built in the 15th century; charcoal from Kawaikuh was the first charcoal used in (the later) radiocarbon studies. In 1929, Showlow was being excavated by Lyndon L. Hargrave and Emil W. Haury, and dendrochronology conducted on Showlow eventuated the first single chronology for the southwest, extending over a period of over 1,200 years. The Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research was established by Douglass at the University of Arizona in 1937, and it is still conducting research today. Building a Sequence Over the past hundred years or so, tree ring sequences have been built for various species all over the world, with such long date strings as a 12,460-year sequence in central Europe completed on oak trees by the Hohenheim Laboratory, and an 8,700 year-long bristlecone pine sequence in California. Building a chronology of climate change in a region today was first simply a matter of matching overlapping tree ring patterns in older and older trees; but such efforts are no longer based solely on tree-ring widths. Features such as wood density, the elemental composition (called dendrochemistry) of its makeup, the anatomical features of the wood, and stable isotopes captured within its cells have been used in conjunction with traditional tree ring width analysis to study air pollution effects, the uptake of ozone, and changes in soil acidity over time. Medieval Là ¼beck In 2007, German wood scientist Dieter Eckstein described wooden artifacts and building rafters within the Medieval town of Là ¼beck, Germany, an excellent example of the myriad ways the technique can be used. Là ¼becks medieval history includes several events that are pertinent to the study of tree rings and forests, including laws passed in the late 12th and early 13th century establishing some basic sustainability rules, two devastating fires in 1251 and 1276, and a population crash between about 1340 and 1430 resulting from the Black Death. Construction booms at Là ¼beck are marked by the extensive use of younger trees, which signal demand outpacing the ability of the forests to recover; busts, such as after the Black Death decimated the population, are denoted by a long period of no construction at all, followed by the use of very old trees.In some of the wealthier houses, the rafters used during construction were cut down at different times, some spanning more than a year; most other houses have rafters cut down at the same time. Eckstein suggests that is because wood for the wealthier house was obtained at a timber market, where the trees would have been cut and stored until they could be sold; while less well-off house constructions were built just-in-time.Evidence of long-distance timber trade is seen in wood imported for pieces of art such as the Triumphal Cross and Screen at the St. Jacobi Cathedral. That was identified as having been constructed out of wood that had been specifically shipped in from 200-300-yea r-old trees from the Polish-Baltic forests, probably along established trade routes from Gdansk, Riga, or Konigsberg harbors. Tropical and Subtropical Environments Cludia Fontana and colleagues (2018) documented advances in filling a major gap in dendrochronological research in tropical and subtropical regions, because trees in those climates have either complex ring patterns or no visible tree rings at all.  That is an issue because because since global climate change is in progress, we need to understand the physical, chemical and biological processes that effeect terrestrial carbon levels is increasingly important. The tropic and subtropic regions of the world, such as the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of South America, store about 54% of the total biomass of the planet. The best results for standard dendrochronological research are with the evergreen Araucaria angustifolia (Paran pine, Brazilian pine or candelabra tree), with a sequence established in the rainforest between 1790–2009 CE); preliminary studies (Nakai et al. 2018) have shown that there are chemical signals which trace precipitation and temperature changes, which may be le veraged for gaining more information.    The elliptical rings on this tree from Turkey show that the tree grew tilted on a slope for several years, the part facing the upslope identified by the narrowness of the ring in the right hand side of the image. Mehmet Gà ¶khan Bayhan / iStock / Getty Images A 2019 study (Wistuba and colleagues) found that tree rings can also warn of impending slope collapses. It turns out that trees that are tilted by landsliding record eccentric elliptical tree rings. The downslope parts of the rings grow wider than the upslope ones, and in studies carried out in Poland, Malgorzata Wistuba and colleagues found that those tilts are in evidence between three and fifteen years prior to catastrophic collapse. Other Applications It had long been known that three 9th century Viking period boat-grave mounds near Oslo, Norway (Gokstad, Oseberg, and Tune) had been broken into at some point in antiquity. The interlopers defaced the ships, damaged the grave goods and pulled out and dispersed the bones of the deceased. Fortunately for us, the looters left behind the tools they used to break into the mounds, wooden spades and stretchers (small handled platforms used to carry objects out of the tombs), which were analyzed using dendrochronology. Tying tree ring fragments in the tools to established chronologies, Bill and Daly (2012) discovered that all three of the mounds were opened and the grave goods damaged during the 10th century, likely as part of Harald Bluetooths campaign to convert Scandinavians to Christianity. Wang and Zhao used dendrochronology to look at the dates of one of the Silk Road routes used during the Qin-Han period called the Qinghai Route. To resolve conflicting evidence over when the route was abandoned, Wang and Zhao looked at wood remains from tombs along the route. Some historical sources had reported the Qinghai route was abandoned by the 6th century AD: dendrochronological analysis of 14 tombs along the route identified a continuing use through the late 8th century. A study by Kristof Haneca and colleagues (2018) described evidence for the importation of American timber to construct and maintain the 440 mi (700 km) long defensive line of World War I trenches along the western front. Selected Sources Bill, Jan, and Aoife Daly. The Plundering of the Ship Graves from Oseberg and Gokstad: An Example of Power Politics? Antiquity 86.333 (2012): 808–24. Print.Fontana, Cludia, et al. Dendrochronology and Climate in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Which Species, Where and How. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 13.4 (2018). Print.Haneca, Kristof, Sjoerd van Daalen, and Hans Beeckman. Timber for the Trenches: A New Perspective on Archaeological Wood from First World War Trenches in Flanders Fields. Antiquity 92.366 (2018): 1619–39. Print.Manning, Katie, et al. The Chronology of Culture: A Comparative Assessment of European Neolithic Dating Approaches. Antiquity 88.342 (2014): 1065–80. Print.Nakai, Wataru, et al. Sample Preparation of Ring-Less Tropical Trees for ÃŽ ´18O Measurement in Isotope Dendrochronology. Tropics 27.2 (2018): 49–58. Print.Turkon, Paula, et al. Applications of Dendrochronology in Northwestern Mexico. Latin American Antiquity 29.1 (2018): 1 02–21. Print.Wang, Shuzhi, and Xiuhai Zhao. Re-Evaluating the Silk Roads Qinghai Route Using Dendrochronology. Dendrochronologia 31.1 (2013): 34–40. Print.

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Terry V.Ohio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Terry V.Ohio - Assignment Example constitution, every individual is entitled to privacy concerning their personal property and other effects. In the contrary, the Exclusionary Rule suppresses evidence in instances where proper protocol was ignored. Furthering that, in absence of a search warrant only emergency situations and plain sight can permit unreasonable search. I will detail my explanation on the application of criminal investigations and the justice system. The most fundamental role of the American justice system with its complicated process and procedures is to peace maintenance through dispute resolution. This is possible in the federal state through application of the law through specific persons or institutions. The state and federal constitution forms the supreme source of the applicable law with reference to the statutes and administrative regulations as other sources. In the constitution, the structure of the government, the definition and limitations of power in the protection of citizens from unlawful acts are outlined. The terry V. Ohio case decided in the United States Supreme Court set precedent on stop and frisk aspect. After this the next proof level was called the probable cause.This is where there is good reason or probability of linking an individual to a committed crime or involvement in a committed crime. Probable cause has seemed to be more significant in criminal cases because this is where individuals are searched and arrested depriving them of their liberty. Nevertheless, in civil cases the suspect’s property can be seized without denying them their liberty freedom. This argues the reason why the law enforcement agent or police officers need to have a probable cause when carrying out a search or undertaking an arrest. No absolute certainty is needed for an officer to make an arrest or search but a probable cause of suspicion. From practical experience the police officer, upon sensing a weapon may search the car suspected to

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Artificial Intelligence - Essay Example Alan Turing, then, modified the ‘imitation game’ and put a man or woman, and a computer in another separate room. The judge’s job was to decide who is a man or machine among the two contestants. Based on the second version of the experiment, Turing argued that if the ‘judge’ can pick a computer or a human using his mind, then, the computer is a simulation of a human and hence it is intelligent. The Turing has been modified further in that the imitation game has changed where there is a single contestant, a human or a computer. The judge’s job in this test is to decide whether the single contestant is a human or a machine (Moor 143).  Alan Turing proposes that the definition of intelligence can be passed to machines (computers) in that he believes that computers can be programmed to act like humans. He advocates for the question and answer method because it includes the human behaviour of talking by responding to queries. In his 1951 paper, Tu ring writes that â€Å"in fifty years’ time, computers can be programmed to play the imitation game such that any average interrogator (judge) will have less than 70% chance of identifying the correct contestant after asking questions for five minutes.† The Turing test supports the fact that if a human being is replaced by a computer and the game’s results remain unaffected, then, the machine would be equally intelligent as a human and capable of thought (Moor 144).  Turing supports his arguments by stating that machines are capable of thought if only they cannot be distinguished.

Friday, January 24, 2020

Motif of Blood in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Motif of Blood in Macbeth Shakespeare In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the motif of blood plays an important factor in the framework of the theme.   A motif is a methodical approach to uncover the true meaning of the play.   Macbeth, the main character in the play, thinks he can unjustly advance to the title of king without any variation of his honest self.   The blood on Macbeth’s hands illustrates the guilt he must carry after plotting against King Duncan and yearning for his crown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare used the image of blood to portray the central idea of Macbeth, King Duncan’s murder.   The crime is foreshadowed in the second scene of the first act.   The king shouts, â€Å" What bloody man is that?† (I,ii,1)   He is referring to a soldier coming in from battle.   The soldier then explains to King Duncan of Macbeth’s heroics in battle.   One assumes that Macbeth is bloody just like the soldier.   The soldier describes Macbeth in action â€Å"Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, / Which smoked with bloody execution.† (I,ii,17-18)   This line connects Macbeth with killing, and hints at the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The evil deed of murdering the king becomes too much of a burden on the Macbeths.   The blood represents their crime, and they can not escape the sin of their actions.   Macbeth realizes that in time he would get what he deserves.   Since he can not ride himself of his guilt by washing the blood away, his fate may have been sealed.   They   try to use water for vindication, but Macbeth says that all the water in the ocean could not cleanse his hands.   He imagines the blood from the murder staining the ocean red.   Lady   Macbeth differs from her husband in this aspect.   She believes her conscience would be cleansed at the time her hands are physically cleaned.   She tells her husband to have the same beliefs as she or he would be driven to insanity.   Ironically, Lady Macbeth is the one that is driven to the brink of lunacy as she commits suicide at the end of the tragedy.     The image and scent of blood symbolizes the unending guilt of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.   The blood on their hands represents the inability to annul the murder from their memories.   While sleepwalking, Lady Macbeth was aggravated with own hands.   She was seen muttering, â€Å"Out damned spot! Out, I say!† (V,I,39)   This proves that her evil deed in still on her conscience.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Eth 125 Define Race and Ethnicity Essay

It is hard to define the term race as in reference to human beings. It is often described as a subclass of a species. It is often said that different races cannot interbreed with other races within that species. This would make one believe that we do not have different races within the human species but yet every harassment and discrimination class or training I have ever had it clearly states that we are not to discriminate against different races. People often use this term to describe a person’s differences. I believe that we have been using this term incorrectly. There is only one race and that is the human race. Ethnicity is an easier term to define. I believe ethnicity is a combination of culture and genetics. It is how we should describe the differences in each other. I believe that these concepts are important to the United States society because it has always been this way. People do not like change and changing the way we classify a certain group of people is a huge step towards change. I believe this all started as a way to oppress people; a way to make one set of people feel more powerful then another. For example, when African-Americans came here, the white people asserted dominance on them based off of the color of their skin. The white man truly believed that they were better. The sad reality is that there are still some people today who feel this to be true.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 971 Words

Should? Or Should Not? In college sports today there is an occurring issue on whether or not college athletes should be paid to play. This issue has been disputed since the NCAA was established in 1906. These athletes have made money for everybody involved with these schools, but they themselves have made nothing. The main reason these players have not acquired pay is because of the NCAA and their rules and regulations. College athletes should get paid because they are the main source of revenue for colleges. Also they should be paid, because some might be poor or have been injured and they need money to help their lives stay on track. Things may be said like why should students to get paid to get an education. This is not why these athletes should get paid though. They should get paid because the university is making money on their likeness. For most people it makes since that college players do not get paid because they are already on scholarship. But what about the players that ar e injured, the colleges usually take away their scholarship and players are left with nothing. There are many factors that weigh on this idea but through my views I see no reason why they should not get paid. The issue the NCAA has with players being played to play is numerous but also inadequate. The NCAA created a word to use so that when an opposing group tries to attack them they can strike them down with no worries. The word is, â€Å"student-athlete,† they have devised this term so that if anShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play